Potential to balance load variability, induced by renewable power, using rock cavern thermal energy storage, heat pumps, and combined heat and power in Sweden [Elektronisk resurs]

• Large shares of variable renewable electricity (VRE) generation increase the demand for flexible power balancing capacities for handling power surpluses and deficits. Within district heating (DH) production systems, electricity can be produced in combined heat and power (CHP) plants but also consumed in heat pumps, and thus contribute with balancing capacity. However, this power balancing potential in DH production units is limited by heat load variations. To improve the potential, large-scale thermal energy storage (TES) can be used to increase heat-load flexibility. This study investigates the power balancing capacity of 85 existing Swedish DH systems, with hypothetical access to rock cavern oil depots assumed to have been converted into TES units. In the study, the Swedish power load is assumed to be covered by 60 % wind and 10 % solar power. The results show that Swedish DH systems, on a national scale, could reduce power deficits and surpluses by approximately 9 % respectively. There will be competition between heat pumps and CHP units for DH load supply while providing power balancing services. The use of heat pumps could also, on national level, yield a reduced fuel use in DH production by about 10 % when compared to conventional DH system operation. The study highlights the impact the temporal distribution and annual shares of VRE surpluses and deficits have on the fuel use. 

Ämnesord

Engineering and Technology  (hsv)

Environmental Engineering  (hsv)

Energy Systems  (hsv)

Teknik och teknologier  (hsv)

Naturresursteknik  (hsv)

Energisystem  (hsv)

Engineering and Technology  (hsv)

Mechanical Engineering  (hsv)

Energy Engineering  (hsv)

Teknik och teknologier  (hsv)

Maskinteknik  (hsv)

Energiteknik  (hsv)

Genre

government publication  (marcgt)

Indexterm och SAB-rubrik

Power-to-Heat

Heat pump

Rock caverns

Thermal energy storage

District heating

Combined heat and power

Fuel demand

Biomass fuel

Biomass energy

Biomass combustion

Power balance