Gorilla society : conflict, compromise, and cooperation between the sexes / Alexander H. Harcourt and Kelly J. Stewart.

• pt. 1. Introduction -- 1. Introduction -- Summary -- The book's aim -- 1.1. What is a society? What is socioecology? -- 1.2. Why primate socioecology? -- 1.2.1. The tropics are little known -- 1.2.2. Primates are relatively well known -- 1.2.3. Primates are diverse -- 1.2.4. Primate males and females live together -- 1.2.5. The study of primates -- 1.3. Why gorilla socioecology? -- Structure of the book -- Figure details -- 2. Primate socioecology : a brief introduction -- Summary -- 2.1. Socioecology -- 2.1.1. Introduction -- 2.1.2. Females to food, males to females -- 2.2. Food and society -- 2.2.1. Body size, food, and society -- 2.2.2. Food and competition -- 2.2.2.1. The nature of the food affects the nature of competition -- 2.2.2.2. The nature of competition affects the nature of the society -- 2.2.3. Food, competition, and grouping -- 2.2.3.1. Grouping increases competition -- 2.2.3.2. Food and the benefits of cooperation in competition as a cause of grouping -- 2.3. Predation and society -- 2.3.1. Primates are preyed upon and have evolved antipredator strategies -- 2.3.2. Body size and predation -- 2.3.3. Predation and grouping -- 2.3.3.1. Grouping within species protects from predation -- 2.3.3.2. Grouping evolved for protection from predation? -- 2.3.3.3. Grouping with a male for protection from predation -- 2.4. Mating and society -- 2.4.1. Mating competition among males and sexual dimorphism -- 2.4.1.1. Sexual dimorphism and body size -- 2.4.1.2. Sexual dimorphism and group size -- 2.4.2. Male-male mating competition and access to females : male-female association -- 2.4.2.1. Association for male care -- 2.4.2.2. Association without active care? -- 2.4.2.3. Association to mate-guard -- 2.4.2.4. Association to guard against infanticide -- 2.4.2.5. More than one male associating -- 2.4.2.6. Breaking the association-emigration -- 2.4.2.7. No association-roving males -- 2.4.3. Male-male mating competition and infanticide : male-female conflict -- 2.4.4. Female and male responses to mating competition -- 2.4.4.1. Female responses to harassment and infanticide -- 2.4.4.2. Male responses to female responses -- 2.5. Rearing and society -- 2.5.1. Need for help : male-female association -- 2.5.2. Female competition to rear -- Conclusion -- Statistical details -- Gorillas, ecology, and society -- 3. Introducing gorillas : some background -- Summary -- 3.1. Distribution, taxonomy, and study sites -- 3.1.1. Distribution : where gorillas live -- 3.1.2. Taxonomy : how many species? -- 3.1.3. Study sites -- 3.1.3.1. Mountain gorillas -- 3.1.3.2. Eastern lowland, or Grauer's gorillas -- 3.1.3.3. Western gorillas -- 3.1.4. Comparison with Pan and Pongo -- 3.2. Life history and reproduction -- 3.2.1. Introduction -- 3.2.2. Body size and sexual dimorphism -- 3.2.3. Maturation and reproduction -- 3.2.3.1. Infants to subadults -- 3.2.3.2. Maturity and reproduction in males -- 3.2.3.3. Maturity and reproduction in females -- 3.2.4. Mortality -- 3.2.4.1. Mortality rates -- 3.2.4.2. Causes of mortality -- 3.2.5. Life span -- 3.2.6. Lifetime reproduction -- 3.2.7. Comparison with Pan and Pongo -- Conclusion -- Table details -- Figure details -- 4. Gorilla ecology and society : a brief description -- 4.1. Gorilla ecology -- Summary : gorilla ecology -- Introduction : gorilla ecology -- 4.1.1. Body size and diet -- 4.1.2. General habitat and food preferences -- 4.1.3. Diet, altitude, and season -- 4.1.3.1. Western gorillas -- 4.1.3.2. Eastern lowland, or Grauer's gorillas -- 4.1.3.3. Mountain gorillas -- 4.1.4. Diet and daily ranging : variation in foraging effort -- 4.1.5. Diet and home range size -- 4.1.6. Ecology and group cohesion -- 4.1.7. Ecology and population density -- 4.1.8. Comparison with Pan and Pongo -- 4.1.8.1. Pan -- 4.1.8.2. Pongo -- Conclusion : gorilla ecology -- 4.2. Gorilla society -- Summary : gorilla society -- Introduction : gorilla society -- 4.2.1. Social structure and social processes -- 4.2.1.1. Group size and composition ; population structure -- 4.2.1.2. Dispersal ; group formation, transition, and demise -- 4.2.1.3. Infanticide -- 4.2.1.4. Interunit encounters -- 4.2.2. Social relationships -- 4.2.2.1. Relationships between adult males and females -- 4.2.2.2. Relationships between adult females -- 4.2.2.3. Relationships between adult males -- 4.2.2.4. The social relationships of immature animals -- 4.2.3. Comparison with Pan and Pongo -- 4.2.3.1. Pan -- 4.2.3.2. Pongo -- Conclusion : gorilla society -- Figure details -- Statistical details -- pt. 3. Female strategies and gorilla society -- Summary -- 5. Female strategies and society : food and grouping -- Summary -- Introduction : gorillas ; food, competition, and cooperation -- 5.1. Female strategies : food, competition, and grouping -- 5.1.1. Do gorilla females compete over food? -- 5.1.2. Is the competition important? -- 5.1.3. Conclusion : food, competition, and grouping -- 5.2. Female strategies : food, cooperation, and emigration -- 5.2.1. Do gorilla females cooperate in competition over food? -- 5.2.2. Is the cooperation important? -- 5.2.3. Conclusion : food, cooperation, and emigration -- 5.3. Comparison with Pan and Pongo -- Conclusion -- Figure details -- Statistical details -- 6. Female strategies : male influences on females' competition, cooperation, and grouping -- Summary -- 6.1. The male is a major competitor -- 6.2. The male mitigates competition among females -- 6.3. The male mitigates the benefits of females' cooperation -- 6.4. Comparison with Pan and Pongo -- Conclusion -- Figure details -- Statistical details -- 7. Female strategies : male influences ; joining a protective male -- Summary -- 7.1. Protection from predation -- Summary : protection from predation -- 7.1.1. Female gorillas associate with a male for defense against predators -- 7.1.2. Females join males -- 7.1.3. Gorillas are preyed upon -- 7.1.4. Males protect females -- 7.1.4.1. The male protects females (and their offspring) against predators -- 7.1.4.2. Females (and immature animals) act as if they perceive that the male is a protector against predators -- 7.1.5. Comparison with Pan and Pongo -- Conclusion : escaping predation as the cause of females' association with a male -- 7.2. Protection from Infanticide -- Summary : protection from infanticide -- 7.2.1. Infanticide in gorillas -- 7.2.2. Female gorillas associate with a powerful male for protection against infanticide by other males -- 7.2.2.1. Males protect against infanticide -- 7.2.2.2. Females associate with a male for protection against infanticide -- 7.2.2.3. Females associate with a male for protection against infanticide : a model -- 7.2.2.4. The model's conclusions -- 7.2.2.5. Criticism of the model -- 7.2.3. Comparison with Pan and Pongo -- Conclusion : escaping infanticide as the cause of females' association with a male -- 7.3. Conclusion : predation or infanticide? -- 7.3.1. Predation is the primary cause of association -- 7.3.2. Infanticide is the primary cause of association -- 7.3.3. The hypotheses cannot yet be separated? -- Figure details -- 8. Female strategies : male influences ; emigration and choice of males -- Summary -- Introduction -- 8.1. Female emigration and mate choice : finding a better protector -- 8.2. Female emigration and mate choice : avoiding inbreeding -- 8.2.1. Evidence for avoidance of inbreeding -- 8.2.2. Incest in gorillas : inbreeding is not always avoided -- 8.2.3. Minimal costs to inbreeding? -- 8.3. Comparison with Pan and Pongo -- Conclusion -- Figure details -- Statistical details -- 9. Female strategies : conflict, compromise, and cooperation between the sexes -- Summary -- 9.1. Gorilla female society -- 9.1.1. Food and society -- 9.1.2. Protection and society : the male's influence -- 9.1.3. Emigration by females : the male's influence -- 9.2. Gorilla society : an unusually strong influence of males? -- 9.3. Gorilla society : an unusual product from interaction of usual rules -- Statistical details.

Ämnesord

Social behavior in animals.  (LCSH)

Gorilla  -- Behavior. (LCSH)

Gorilla  -- Ecology. (LCSH)

Klassifikation

QL737.P96 (LCC)

QL737.P96 (NAL)

599.884 (DDC)

Ugfa (kssb/8 (machine generated))